歯科における局所麻酔の神経学的合併症：総説

Neurological Complications of Local Anesthesia in Dentistry: A Review.

抄録

局所麻酔は、身体の特定部位を一時的に感覚消失させる技術であり、一般的には外科処置、歯科治療、疼痛管理のために用いられる。神経終末の興奮の抑制、または末梢神経内の伝導過程の抑制により、身体の特定部位の感覚が失われると表現される。より安全で快適な医療処置を可能にし、全身麻酔の必要性を減らし、回復を早める。局所麻酔は一般的に安全ですが、他の医療介入と同様に、潜在的なリスクや副作用を伴います。この総説では、眼神経、上顎神経、下顎神経、三叉神経枝、顔面神経に関連する局所麻酔の神経学的合併症について論じた。これらの合併症には、複視、眼瞼下垂、眼球麻痺、失明、知覚麻痺、三叉神経麻痺、軟部組織病変、浮腫、血腫、顔面白斑、感染、アレルギー、過量投与、神経痛、顔面神経麻痺などが含まれる。

Local anesthesia is a technique that temporarily desensitizes a specific body area, typically for a surgical procedure, dental work, or pain management. It is described as a sensation loss in a specific area of the body due to depression of excitation in the nerve endings or due to the inhibition of the conduction process within the peripheral nerves. It allows for safer and more comfortable medical procedures, reducing the need for general anesthesia and facilitating faster recovery. Local anesthesia is generally safe, but like any medical intervention, it carries potential risks and side effects. The complications related to local anesthetics can be assessed in terms of neurological, vascular, local, systemic, and neurological. In this review article, we discussed the neurological complications of local anesthesia related to the ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve, branches of the trigeminal nerve, and facial nerve. These include diplopia, ptosis, paralysis of the eye, blindness, paresthesia, trismus, soft tissue lesions, edema, hematoma, facial blanching, infection, allergy, overdose, neuralgia, facial palsy, etc.