就学前児童の長期授乳とう蝕

Prolonged breastfeeding and dental caries in preschool children.

抄録

目的:

生後6ヶ月から18ヶ月までの母乳育児を調査し、5歳時点での母乳育児とう蝕有病率との関連を調査すること。

PURPOSE: To explore breastfeeding from 6 to 18 months of age and to study the association between breastfeeding and caries prevalence at 5 years of age.

方法:

本研究は、ノルウェーのある郡の1088人の小児を対象とし、Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study（MoBa）に基づいて行われた。児童は5歳時に臨床歯科検診を受け、両親は母乳育児、口腔衛生行動、児童の特性に関する情報を含む質問票に回答した。多変量ロジスティック回帰を行った。本研究は倫理的に承認された。

METHODS: The study included 1088 children from one Norwegian county and was based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). The children had clinical dental examination at 5 years of age, and parents answered a questionnaire, which included information on breastfeeding, oral health behaviour and child characteristic. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed. The study was ethically approved.

結果:

調査対象児のうち、77％が生後6ヵ月の時点で母乳栄養であり、16％が生後18ヵ月の時点でも母乳栄養であった。生後18ヵ月の時点で夜間授乳を受けていた子どもは6％と少なかったが、11％は夜間に糖分を含む飲料を摂取していた。生後18ヵ月までの母乳育児と5歳時の齲蝕有病率との間に関連は認められなかった（＞0.05）。生後18ヵ月の時点で、歯磨きが1日2回未満（OR 2.4、CI 1.5-3.9）、砂糖入り飲料の摂取頻度が週1回以上（OR 1.7、CI 1.1-2.7）、親が非西洋人（OR 3.4、CI 1.5-8.1）の小児は、他の小児よりも5歳時のう蝕罹患率が高かった。

RESULTS: Of the studied children, 77% were breastfed at 6 months of age and 16% were still breastfed at 18 months of age. Few children (6%) were breastfed during night at 18 months of age, while 11% received sugary drink during night. No association was found between breastfeeding up to 18 months of age and caries prevalence at 5 years of age ( > .05). Children who at 18 months of age had their teeth brushed less than twice daily (OR 2.4, CI 1.5-3.9), consumed sugary drink once a week or more often (OR 1.7, CI 1.1-2.7) and had non-Western parents (OR 3.4, CI 1.5-8.1) were more likely to have caries experience at 5 years of age than other children.

結論:

生後18ヵ月までの母乳育児は、就学前のう蝕の発生とは関連しなかった。

CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding up to 18 months of age was not associated with caries development during preschool age.