COVID-19と歯周病には関連があるのか？ナラティブレビュー

Is There a Link between COVID-19 and Periodontal Disease? A Narrative Review.

抄録

コロナウイルス感染症-2019（COVID-19）のパンデミックは、人間の幸福、社会行動、世界経済、医療制度に大きな影響を与えた。歯科における日常的な臨床は、日常的な歯科処置によるエアロゾル生成の危険性の増加に適応してきた。本研究の目的は、COVID-19と歯周炎の関係の可能なメカニズムを決定するために既存の文献を評価し、また関連する疫学研究の知見を記述することである。しかし，重症急性呼吸器症候群コロナウイルス-2（SARS-CoV-2）の侵入口としての口腔および歯周組織の役割や，歯周病で産生されることが知られているサイトカインがCOVID-19の重症化に寄与していることを示すデータがいくつか存在する．また，歯周病は糖尿病，循環器疾患，呼吸器疾患などの全身疾患との関連が指摘されており，特に重症型のCOVID-19と共通の危険因子を有していることが示唆された．口腔衛生状態や歯周組織の状態が良好であることがパンデミックの軽減に寄与し，歯科医師はリスク患者の特定に貢献できることが示唆された．

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic greatly affected human well-being, social behavior, global economy, and healthcare systems. Everyday clinical practice in dentistry has been adjusted to the increased hazards of aerosol production by routine dental procedures. The objective of this study was to assess the existing literature to determine possible mechanisms of a relationship between COVID-19 and periodontitis, as well as describe findings from relevant epidemiological studies.Scarce data exist in the literature that directly addresses the relationship between the two diseases. However, several data describe the role of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues as portals of entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the contribution of cytokines known to be produced in periodontal disease to severe forms of COVID-19. It is also suggested from the current literature that periodontal disease, shown to be associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, shares common risk factors with-especially-severe forms of COVID-19.Further clinical studies are required to establish the relationship between these diseases. Oral hygiene performance and intact periodontal tissues can assist in mitigating the pandemic, and it is suggested that dental practitioners can contribute to identifying at-risk patients.