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エネルギー摂取量の低さと食事の質の低さは、日本人若年女性の客観的な睡眠の質の低さと関連している
Low energy intake and dietary quality are associated with low objective sleep quality in young Japanese women.
PMID: 32682178 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.002.
抄録
文献報告では、高齢者や労働者における主観的な睡眠の質と栄養摂取量との関連が示唆されている。しかし、思春期や若年女性における客観的な睡眠の質と食事摂取量との関連性を示唆する研究は少ない。我々は、思春期および若年女性における客観的な睡眠の質が食事摂取量と関連しているという仮説を立てた。日本人の青年期および若年女性におけるエネルギー・栄養素摂取量と客観的な睡眠の質との関連を評価した。18～27 歳の女性 80 名を対象とした横断的研究では、自己記入式の食歴質問票を用いて食事摂取量を評価した。客観的な睡眠の質は、アクチグラフィで評価した。ライフスタイルの特徴、食生活習慣、および精神的健康は、特定の質問票を用いて評価した。被験者を睡眠効率（SE＜80％、80％～85％、≧85％）により3群に分類し、食事摂取量と客観的な睡眠の質との関係を統計的に評価した。生活特性、身体活動レベル、摂食行動、精神的健康状態については、3つのSE群間で有意差は認められなかった。エネルギー摂取量は、低SE群では中等度（P=.004）および高SE群（P=.015）に比べて有意に低かった。タンパク質摂取量は、低 SE 群の方が高 SE 群よりも有意に低かった（P=.034）。ビタミンK、ビタミンB、カリウム、マグネシウム、鉄、亜鉛、銅、トリプトファンの平均エネルギー調整摂取量は、低SE群で高SE群に比べて有意に低かった。十分なエネルギー摂取と、ビタミン、ミネラル、トリプトファンを含む質の高い食事を摂ることで、高い睡眠の質が得られ、睡眠障害の予防につながる可能性がある。
Literature reports suggest that subjective sleep quality is associated with nutrient intake in elderly people and workers. However, few studies have suggested an association between objective sleep quality and dietary intake in adolescents and young women. We hypothesized that objective sleep quality is associated with dietary intake in adolescents and young women. We evaluated the association between energy and nutrient intake and objective sleep quality in adolescents and young Japanese women. In a cross-sectional study of 80 women aged 18-27 years, dietary intake was assessed using the self-administered diet history questionnaire. Objective sleep quality was assessed by actigraphy. Lifestyle characteristics, dietary habits, and mental health were assessed using specific questionnaires. Subjects were classified into 3 groups according to sleep efficiency (SE <80%, 80%-85%, and ≥85%), and the relationships between dietary intake and objective sleep quality were statistically evaluated. No significant differences occurred in lifestyle characteristics, physical activity levels, eating behavior, and mental health status among the 3 SE groups. Energy intake was significantly lower in the low-SE group than in the middle- (P = .004) and high- (P = .015) SE groups. Protein intake was significantly lower in the low-SE group than in the high-SE group (P = .034). The mean energy-adjusted intakes of vitamin K, vitamin B, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and tryptophan were significantly lower in the low-SE group than in the high-SE group. Adequate energy intake and a high-quality diet including vitamins, minerals, and tryptophan may result in high sleep quality and help prevent sleep problems.
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