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歯槽骨吸収と破骨細胞分化に及ぼすオメガ3脂肪酸の抑制効果
Inhibitory effect of omega-3 fatty acids on alveolar bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation.
PMID: 32581177 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0267.
抄録
本研究では、Porphyromonas gingivalis（P.g.）感染マウス歯周炎モデルを用いて、オメガ3脂肪酸の摂取が培養破骨細胞の分化・成熟に及ぼす影響を調べた。4週齢のC57BL/6JJclマウスを、実験開始時から与えた食事（オメガ3脂肪酸またはオメガ6脂肪酸を含む食事）とP.gの経口投与の有無により4群に分け、実験開始から33日後に各群のマウスの大腿骨から骨髄細胞を採取し、破骨細胞に分化させた後、異なる脂肪酸の摂取の影響を調べた。その結果、破骨細胞の数には、脂肪酸の種類とP.g.感染との間に統計的な相互作用は認められなかった（P = 0.6）。しかし、脂肪酸の種類はマウスの破骨細胞数に影響を与え（P = 0.0013）、オメガ3群はオメガ6群に比べて破骨細胞数が低いことが示された。さらに、オメガ3脂肪酸由来の脂質メディエーターであるレゾルビンE1（RvE1）を添加すると、マウス培養破骨細胞の分化が抑制された（P＜0.0001）。したがって、オメガ3脂肪酸の摂取は、歯周炎による骨吸収や組織破壊を抑制しつつ、破骨細胞の分化を抑制する可能性があると考えられます。
In this study, a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.)-infected mouse periodontitis model was used to investigate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake on differentiation and maturation of cultured osteoclast. Four-week-old C57BL/6JJcl mice were divided into four groups according to the diets they were fed from the beginning of the experiment (i.e., food containing omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids) and whether they were orally administered P.g. Thirty-three days after beginning the experiment, bone marrow cells were sampled from the femoral bone of mice from each group and differentiated into osteoclasts; the effects of the ingestion of different fatty acids were subsequently investigated. There was no statistical interaction between the different fatty acids and P.g. infection on the number of osteoclasts (P = 0.6). However, the fatty acid type affected the number of osteoclasts in mice (P = 0.0013), with the omega-3 groups demonstrating lower osteoclast numbers than the omega-6 groups. Furthermore, the addition of resolvin E1 (RvE1), which is an omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid mediator, suppressed the differentiation of mouse cultured osteoclasts (P < 0.0001). Therefore, the ingestion of omega-3 fatty acids may suppress osteoclast differentiation while inhibiting bone resorption and tissue destruction due to periodontitis.