出生前、周産期、新生児因子が小学生の学力に及ぼす影響

The effects of prenatal, perinatal and neonatal factors on academic performance in primary school age children.

• K Englerová
• L Takács

抄録

目的:

出生前、周産期、新生児の要因が小学生（12歳まで）の学力に及ぼす影響についての既存のエビデンスを総合的に検討する。

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize existing evidence about the effects of prenatal, perinatal and neonatal factors on academic performance in primary school age children (up to 12 years).

デザイン:

レビュー記事。

DESIGN: Review article.

設定:

国立精神保健研究所、クレカニ。

SETTING: National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany.

方法:

SCOPUS, WoS, ProQuest, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, ERICを用いた文献レビュー。AND (Pregnetan* OR prenatal* OR perinatal* OR 分娩 OR (child AND birth) OR 出産 OR withinapart* OR postpart* OR preterm OR premature OR (low AND birth AND weight) OR 帝王切開 OR 帝王切開 OR (c AND section) OR 母乳育児 OR (bastfeeding OR (bast AND feeding)) )AND (child* OR kid* OR pupil*)。英語の査読付き研究のみを対象とし、公開日の期限は設定しなかった。

METHODS: Literature review using databases SCOPUS, WoS, ProQuest, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, PsycINFO and ERIC with a search strategy (academ* OR schol* OR school*) AND (success* OR aptitude OR fail* OR abilit* OR perform* OR achiev* OR progress* OR outcom* OR attain*) AND (pregnan* OR prenatal* OR perinatal* OR childbirth OR (child AND birth) OR birth OR intrapart* OR postpart* OR preterm OR pre-term OR premature OR (low AND birth AND weight) OR cesarean OR caesarean OR c-section OR (c AND section) OR breastfeeding OR (breast AND feeding)) AND (child* OR kid* OR pupil*). Only peer-reviewed studies in English were included, no time limits for publication date were set.

結果:

学業成績に影響を与える主な要因としては、未熟児や妊娠中の母体の健康や生活習慣に関連する要因（物質乱用、糖尿病や甲状腺機能低下症などの健康合併症、精神科診断、抗てんかん薬の使用、食生活、特にカロリー摂取の制限、重金属、電離放射線、ストレスなどの有害な影響への曝露）が挙げられる。学業成績はまた、分娩モードおよびいくつかの新生児因子、特に呼吸不全または心不全および感染症と関連していることが明らかにされている。

RESULTS: The main factors influencing academic performance include prematurity and factors related to maternal health and life style in pregnancy (substance abuse, health complications such as diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism, psychiatric diagnosis, use of antiepileptic drugs, dietary habits, especially restriction of caloric intake, exposure to harmful influences as heavy metals, ionizing radiation and stress). Academic performance has also been found to be associated with delivery mode and several neonatal factors, particularly respiratory or cardiac insufficiency and infection.

結論:

妊娠、出産、産後初期に関連する要因は、子どもたちの学校での成功にマイナスの影響を与える可能性がある。これらの要因を早期に発見することは、脆弱な子どもたちの早期支援と介入のための戦略を立てるのに役立つ。

CONCLUSION: Factors related to pregnancy, childbirth and the early postpartum period may have a negative impact on school success in children. Their early detection can help to develop strategies for early support and intervention in vulnerable groups of children.