食事の順序と歯の数が栄養摂取状態に及ぼす影響：横断的研究

Influence of Meal Sequence and Number of Teeth Present on Nutrient Intake Status: A Cross-Sectional Study.

抄録

2型糖尿病患者や健常者において、食物繊維の摂取やタンパク質の摂取、脂質のプレローディングは食後血糖上昇の抑制に役立つ。しかし、口腔内の状態を考慮した食事の順序や栄養素の摂取状況に関する意識に関する研究は少ない。この横断研究は、食事の順序が栄養摂取状態に及ぼす影響と、これらの関係が歯の存在本数と関連しているかどうかを明らかにすることを目的とした。対象者は、2018年から2021年にかけて神奈川歯科大学附属病院医科歯科連携センターから募集した。健康診断および歯科検診を実施し、質問票を用いて、野菜、肉または魚、炭水化物の順で食事を摂取しているかどうかを判定した。栄養摂取状況は、簡易型自記式食事歴質問票を用いて評価した。238名の参加者からデータを収集した。食事の順番を意識したグループでは、n-3系脂肪酸、食物繊維、カルシウム、ビタミンCなどの栄養素の摂取量が増加した。結論として、食事の順序は栄養素の摂取状況と関連することが示された。また、飽和脂肪酸の摂取量は、食事の順番にかかわらず、歯を多く失った場合に増加した。

Intake of fiber, as well as protein, and lipid preloading help to control postprandial glycemic elevation in people with type 2 diabetes and in healthy individuals. However, there are few studies on the awareness of meal sequence and nutrient intake status that consider oral conditions. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the effects of meal sequences on nutrient intake status and whether these relationships were related to the number of teeth present. The subjects were recruited from the Medical and Dental Collaboration Center of Kanagawa Dental University Hospital between 2018 and 2021. Medical and dental examinations were performed, and a questionnaire was used to determine whether the diet consisted of vegetables, meat or fish, and carbohydrates in that order. Nutrient intake status was assessed using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Data were collected from 238 participants. The group with awareness of meal sequence ingested increased nutrients such as n-3 fatty acids, total dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin C. Saturated fatty acid intake increased in those with fewer teeth, while it was not significantly related to meal sequence. In conclusion, our results showed that meal sequence was associated with nutrient intake status. In addition, the intake of saturated fatty acids increased when many teeth were lost, regardless of meal sequence.