歯科用合金に関連する有害事象の最小化

Minimization of Adverse Effects Associated with Dental Alloys.

抄録

金属合金は，現在の歯科診療で最もよく使用される材料の一つである．口腔内では，金属構造物は様々な機械的・化学的要因に曝される．その結果，金属イオンが口腔液中に放出され，周辺組織や内臓にまで悪影響を及ぼす可能性がある．金属製口腔器具に関連する副作用は，口腔内の灼熱感，悪性口腔病変の可能性，局所または全身性の過敏症など，様々な局所および全身性の症状を呈することがある．しかし，歯科用合金に関連した副作用の明確な診断基準や治療ガイドラインはまだ開発されていない．本論文では，(1)金属製口腔内装置の副作用に関する現在の情報をまとめ，(2)歯科用合金の悪影響を悪化させる危険因子を分析し，(3)金属製口腔内装置に伴う病的状態の診断・管理・予防に関する勧告を作成することを目的としている．

Metal alloys are one of the most popular materials used in current dental practice. In the oral cavity, metal structures are exposed to various mechanical and chemical factors. Consequently, metal ions are released into the oral fluid, which may negatively affect the surrounding tissues and even internal organs. Adverse effects associated with metallic oral appliances may have various local and systemic manifestations, such as mouth burning, potentially malignant oral lesions, and local or systemic hypersensitivity. However, clear diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for adverse effects associated with dental alloys have not been developed yet. The present comprehensive literature review aims (1) to summarize the current information related to possible side effects of metallic oral appliances; (2) to analyze the risk factors aggravating the negative effects of dental alloys; and (3) to develop recommendations for diagnosis, management, and prevention of pathological conditions associated with metallic oral appliances.