健康と疾病における多機能白血球としての好酸球の新たな役割

The Emerging Role of Eosinophils as Multifunctional Leukocytes in Health and Disease.

• Hyung Jin Kim
• YunJae Jung

抄録

好酸球は末期分化型の細胞傷害性エフェクター細胞であり、顆粒由来の細胞傷害性タンパク質を放出することで寄生虫感染症やアレルギーに関与している。しかし、最近では好酸球が様々な疾患の発症に関与しているだけでなく、消化管（GI）や脂肪組織など、これまであまり知られていなかった多様な組織での恒常性応答の維持にも寄与していることが明らかになってきている。本研究では、好酸球の発生特性、寛容な増殖と生存、脱顆粒活性、および遊走特性が好酸球を恒常性組織と炎症組織の両方に分布させることを可能にしていることから、好酸球の生物学的特徴を説明する。我々は、喘息や好酸球性消化管疾患、炎症性腸疾患、放射線誘発性腸症などの様々な消化管疾患における好酸球の病理学的側面を説明します。最後に、病原性疾患の解決と恒常性生物学的応答の変調に貢献する好酸球の有益な役割について論じる。

Eosinophils are terminally differentiated cytotoxic effector cells that have a role in parasitic infections and allergy by releasing their granule-derived cytotoxic proteins. However, an increasing number of recent observations indicate that eosinophils are not only associated with the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, but also contribute to the maintenance of homeostatic responses in previously underappreciated diverse tissues, such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and adipose tissue. In this review, we describe biological characteristics of eosinophils, as their developmental properties, permissive proliferation and survival, degranulation activity, and migration properties enable them to distribute to both homeostatic and inflamed tissues. We describe pathologic aspects of eosinophils with a role in asthma and in various GI diseases, including eosinophilic GI disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, and radiation-induced enteropathy. Finally, we discuss the beneficial role of eosinophils, which contribute to the resolution of pathogenic conditions and to the modulation of homeostatic biologic responses.

Copyright © 2020. The Korean Association of Immunologists.