臨沂におけるPMおよびPMと結合した元素の分布特性と発生源の配分

[Distribution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Elements Bonded with PM and PM in Linyi].

• Ping Lu
• Xue-Yan Zhao
• Bao-Hui Yin
• Nan Zhang
• Xin-Hua Wang
• Hao Yu
• Wen Yang
• Xiao-Li Wang

抄録

臨沂市におけるPM及びPMと結合した元素の汚染特性及び発生源を調査するため、2016年12月から2017年10月にかけて、臨沂市においてPM及びPMサンプルの同時採取を行い、23元素を誘導結合プラズマ質量分析法(ICP-MS)及び誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法(ICP-OES)により測定し、濃縮係数法及びPMFを用いて発生源の配分を決定した。その結果、PM及びPM中の支配的な元素は、Si, Ca, Al, Fe, K, Na, Mgであり、それぞれ92.93%及び94.61%を占めていることがわかった。18元素（Ti, Ni, Mo, Cd, Mgを除く）の濃度は、冬と春に最も高く、夏と秋に最も低くなった。Si、Al、Ca、K、Naは春に最も高く、主に粗大粒子に分布し、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sbは冬に最も高く、主に微粒子に分布していた。濃縮係数の結果から、Cd, Sb, Biの濃縮度は有意であり、主に石炭燃焼,工業生産,廃棄物焼却などの人為起源のものであることが明らかになった。PMFの分析結果によると、PM中の主な元素源は、石炭及び銅製錬、都市ごみ焼却、浮遊粉塵、自動車排出物及び産業発生源であり、それぞれ22.64%, 7.49%, 41.22%, 14.71%, 13.94%を占めた。また、PMの主な元素源としては、浮遊粉塵、石炭・銅製錬、自動車排気ガス、産業界が挙げられ、それぞれ55.47％、19.80％、7.48％、12.83％の寄与があった。その結果、サンプリング期間中の臨沂市の粒子状物質汚染の主な原因は、浮遊粉塵、石炭・銅製錬であることが示唆された。

To investigate the pollution characteristics and sources of elements bonded with PM and PM in Linyi, PM and PM sample collections were carried out simultaneously in Linyi from December 2016 to October 2017, and 23 elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), with the enrichment factor method and PMF employed to determine the source apportionment. The results indicated that the dominant elements in PM and PM were recognized as Si, Ca, Al, Fe, K, Na, and Mg, accounting for 92.93% and 94.61% of the total measured elements, respectively. The concentrations of 18 elements (excluding Ti, Ni, Mo, Cd, and Mg) were highest in winter and spring, and lowest in summer and autumn. Si, Al, Ca, K, and Na showed the highest levels in spring, mainly distributed in coarse particles; Cu, Zn, Pb, and Sb showed the highest levels in winter, mainly distributed in fine particles. The enrichment factor results showed that the enrichment of Cd, Sb, and Bi was significant, mainly originated by anthropogenic sources such as coal combustion, industrial production, and waste incineration. Based on the analysis results of PMF, coal, and copper smelting, municipal waste incineration, fugitive dust, vehicle emissions, and industrial sources were the main sources of elements in PM, accounting for 22.64%, 7.49%, 41.22%, 14.71%, and 13.94%, respectively. For PM, fugitive dust, coal and copper smelting, vehicle emissions, and industrial sources were the main sources of elements, contributing 55.47%, 19.80%, 7.48%, and 12.83%, respectively. Our results suggested that the main contributors to particulate matter pollution in Linyi during the sampling period were fugitive dust, and coal and copper smelting.