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ベンゾジアゼピン系薬剤の物質乱用による急性中毒
Acute poisoning from substance abuse of benzodiazepines.
PMID: 32602327 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0035.
抄録
背景:
BACKGROUND: Benzodiazepines are also used as intoxicants. This can be dangerous, particularly in multi-substance abuse. We describe cases of acute poisoning related to substance abuse of benzodiazepines in patients at the main A&E clinic in Oslo.
材料および方法:
MATERIAL AND METHOD: We included all patients treated for substance abuse poisoning with benzodiazepines and/or z-hypnotics at the Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic from 1 October 2013 to 30 September 2015. The patients were found through a retrospective review of the A&E clinic's registers. Data were taken from patient records. Diagnosis of the toxic agent was based on the attending doctor's recorded clinical evaluation.
結果:
1037例中、787例（76％）が男性であった。年齢中央値は36歳だった（中間値範囲28～46歳、範囲14～78歳）。クロナゼパム（リボトリール）が最も多く、575例（55%）で、次いでジアゼパム（ステゾリド、バリウム、バイバル）158例（15%）、アルプラゾラム（ザノール）125例（12%）、オキサゼパム（ソブリール）94例（9%）であった。ゾピクロン（イモバン、ゾピチン）とゾルピデム（スチルノクト）は、それぞれ25例（2％）、11例（1％）とまれに発生した。ベンゾジアゼピンが他の中毒性薬物と併用された症例は936例（90％）であり、最も多かったのはヘロイン484例（47％）、エタノール321例（31％）、アンフェタミン199例（19％）であった。
RESULTS: Of 1 037 cases, 787 (76 %) were men. The median age was 36 (interquartile range 28-46, range 14-78). Clonazepam (Rivotril) was the most frequently occurring drug, with 575 cases (55 %), followed by diazepam (Stesolid, Valium, Vival) 158 (15 %), alprazolam (Xanor) 125 (12 %) and oxazepam (Sobril) 94 (9 %). Zopiclone (Imovane, Zopitin) and zolpidem (Stilnoct) occurred rarely, in 25 (2 %) and 11 (1 %) cases, respectively. Benzodiazepines were combined with other intoxicants in 936 (90 %) cases, most frequently heroin 484 (47 %), ethanol 321 (31 %) and amphetamine 199 (19 %).
インタープリテーション:
物質乱用中毒では、ベンゾジアゼピンは他の中毒性薬物、特にオピオイド、エタノールおよび／またはアンフェタミンと併用されることが非常に多い。
INTERPRETATION: In substance abuse poisoning, benzodiazepines were very often combined with other intoxicants, most frequently opioids, ethanol and/or amphetamine.