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アルジェリアのブドウ畑の土壌に生息する放線菌．アルジェリアのブドウ畑土壌に生息する放線菌の分類，ブドウ幹病菌に対する抗真菌力，植物の生育を促進する特徴．
Actinobacteria Associated with Vineyard Soils of Algeria: Classification, Antifungal Potential Against Grapevine Trunk Pathogens and Plant Growth-Promoting Features.
PMID: 32594221 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02097-x.
抄録
ブドウ幹病（GTD）は，アルジェリアを含む世界のブドウ園で最も破壊的な病害の一つである。GTDの症状に関与する真菌群の中で，Paeomoniella chlamydosporaとPhaeoacremonium minimumが先駆的な真菌として決定的な役割を果たしている。従来の病害管理方法では効率が悪いため、バイオコントロールなどの代替戦略の模索が必要とされている。本研究では、植物を取り巻く環境の中からバイオコントロールの候補を探すというアプローチで、アルジェリアの6つのブドウ生産地域のブドウ畑の土壌における放線菌の多様性を調査した。得られた40株の放線菌について，16S rRNA遺伝子配列に基づいて同定および系統解析を行った。そのうち40％はStreptomyces属に属し，そのうち2種は新種であった。他には、Actinoplanes属、Nocardia属、Nocardiopsis属、Lentzea属、Nonomuraea属、Promicromonospora属、Saccharopolyspora属、Streptosporangium属であった。拮抗性および植物成長促進性（PGP）をスクリーニングした結果，47.5％の分離株がPa. chlamydosporaおよびPm. minimumに対して有意な拮抗性を示し，最も優れた分離株はStreptomyces sp.植物の生育促進作用についてスクリーニングしたところ，大部分の株がインドール酢酸，シデロフォア，アンモニア，ACCデアミナーゼ，セルラーゼ，アミラーゼを産生し，Nを固定することがわかった。拮抗性とPGP特性の両方を考慮した結果、Streptomyces sp Sb11は、GTDsにおける効率性をさらに評価するための最も有望な候補株として選ばれた。
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are among the most destructive diseases of vineyards worldwide, including Algeria. In the fungal complex involved in GTD symptoms, referred as grapevine trunk-pathogens, Paeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum have a determining infecting role as pioneer fungi. Due to the lack of efficiency of conventional disease management practices, a search for alternative strategies, such as biocontrol, is needed. Taking the approach of looking for biocontrol candidates in the environment surrounding the plant, the present study explored actinobacteria diversity within vineyard soils of six grape-producing regions in Algeria. Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequence, identification and phylogenic analysis were performed on the 40 isolates of actinobacteria obtained. Forty percent of strains were attached to Streptomyces, including two evidenced new species, and 32.5% were affiliated to Saccharothrix. The other less represented genera were Actinoplanes, Nocardia, Nocardiopsis, Lentzea, Nonomuraea, Promicromonospora, Saccharopolyspora and Streptosporangium. Screening based on antagonistic and plant growth promotion (PGP) abilities of the strains showed that 47.5% of the isolates exhibited appreciable antagonistic activities against both Pa. chlamydospora and Pm. minimum, with the two best strains being Streptomyces sp. Ms18 and Streptomyces sp. Sb11. Screening for plant growth promoting properties demonstrated that majority of the strains were able to produce indole acetic acid, siderophores, ammonia, ACC deaminase, cellulase and amylase, and fix N. Through a PGP-traits-based cluster analysis, the most interesting strains were highlighted. Taking into account both antagonistic and PGP properties, Streptomyces sp Sb11 was selected as the most promising candidate for further evaluations of its efficiency in a GTDs context.