アゾレス諸島からのヨーロッパの野生ウサギの間のブドウ球菌。人獣共通感染症の潜在的な問題か？

Staphylococci among Wild European Rabbits from the Azores: A Potential Zoonotic Issue?

• Margarida Sousa
• Vanessa Silva
• Adriana Silva
• Nuno Silva
• Jessica Ribeiro
• MarÍa Teresa Tejedor-Junco
• Rosa Capita
• Nadia Safia Chenouf
• Carlos Alonso-Calleja
• Tiago M Rodrigues
• Manuel LeitÃo
• David GonÇalves
• Manuela CaniÇa
• Carmen Torres
• Gilberto Igrejas
• PatrÍcia Poeta

抄録

ABSTRACT:

アゾレス諸島の野生ヨーロッパウサギ（Oryctolagus cuniculus）からのブドウ球菌の有病率と多様性を調査し、分離されたブドウ球菌の抗生物質耐性表現型と遺伝子型を決定した。アゾレス諸島のSão Jorge島とSão Miguel島に生息する77頭の野生ヨーロッパウサギの鼻腔サンプルを調べた。分離株の抗菌薬感受性はKirby-Bauerディスク拡散法を用いて測定し，PCR法により抗菌薬耐性遺伝子と病原性因子の有無を判定した．分離されたS. aureusの遺伝的系統は，スパタイピングおよびマルチロックス配列タイピングにより特徴づけられた．77匹の野生ウサギのうち35匹から合計49個のブドウ球菌が得られた。その結果，コアグラーゼ陽性（8.2％）とコアグラーゼ陰性（91.8％）の両方のブドウ球菌が検出された．S. aureus 4株、S. fleurettii 17株、S. sciuri 13株、S. xylosus 7株、S. epidermidis 4株、S. simulans、S. saprophyticus、S. succinus、S. equorum各1株が検出された。4株のS. aureusはメチシリン感受性を示し，スパタイプt272/CC121，Panton-Valentine leukocidin陰性，hlB陽性であった．コアグラーゼ陰性ブドウ球菌の多くはフシジン酸やβ-ラクタムに耐性を示し，特にS. epidermidis分離株では多剤耐性が確認された。mecA遺伝子はS. fleurettiiおよびS. epidermidisの20株から検出され，S. epidermidisの1株からはblaZ遺伝子と関連していた。S. epidermidis 1株からは5つの抗菌薬耐性遺伝子（mecA, dfrA, dfrG, aac6'-aph2''およびant4）が検出された。これらの結果は、野生ウサギが人獣共通感染の可能性を持つブドウ球菌種の貯蔵庫または「一時的な宿主」であり、その中には関連する抗菌薬耐性を有するものもあることを強調している。

ABSTRACT: The prevalence and diversity of Staphylococcus species from wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the Azores were investigated, and the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of the isolates were determined. Nasal samples from 77 wild European rabbits from São Jorge and São Miguel islands in Azores were examined. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was determined by PCR. The genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 49 staphylococci were obtained from 35 of the 77 wild rabbits. Both coagulase-positive (8.2%) and coagulase-negative (91.8%) staphylococci were detected: 4 S. aureus, 17 S. fleurettii, 13 S. sciuri, 7 S. xylosus, 4 S. epidermidis, and 1 each of S. simulans, S. saprophyticus, S. succinus, and S. equorum. The four S. aureus isolates showed methicillin susceptibility and were characterized as spa type t272/CC121, Panton-Valentine leukocidin negative, and hlB positive. Most of the coagulase-negative staphylococci showed resistance to fusidic acid and beta-lactams, and multidrug resistance was identified especially among S. epidermidis isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 20 isolates of the species S. fleurettii and S. epidermidis, associated with the blaZ gene in one S. epidermidis isolate. Five antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in one S. epidermidis isolate (mecA,dfrA,dfrG,aac6'-aph2'', and ant4). Our results highlight that wild rabbits are reservoirs or "temporary hosts" of Staphylococcus species with zoonotic potential, some of them carrying relevant antimicrobial resistances.

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