急性肝不全におけるプラセンタ由来間葉系幹細胞の展望

Perspective of placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure.

• Mahshid Saleh
• Mohammad Taher
• Amir Ali Sohrabpour
• Amir Abbas Vaezi
• Mohsen Nasiri Toosi
• Maria Kavianpour
• Zeinab Ghazvinian
• Shahrokh Abdolahi
• Javad Verdi

抄録

急性肝不全（ALF）は生命に関わる疾患であり、肝疾患の既往のない患者さんの重篤な肝障害の結果、凝固障害（INR≧1.5を有する）と肝性脳症で決定されます。肝移植にはドナー不足、免疫抑制剤の使用、高額な費用などの問題があり、現在の治療法に加えて新たな治療法が必要とされています。胎盤は通常、出産後に廃棄される組織です。一方、ヒトの胎盤は間葉系幹細胞（ＭＳＣ）の豊富な供給源であり、モラル上の問題もなく容易に入手可能であり、また、その由来細胞は年齢や環境要因の影響を受けにくい。したがって、プラセンタ由来の間葉系幹細胞（PD-MSCs）は、肝臓疾患の同種移植源として考えられます。これまでのMSCの研究や様々な疾患への効果を考えると、MSCは将来の肝臓疾患の新規治療に利用されるべき最も重要な薬剤の一つであると言えます。本論文では、間葉系幹細胞の損傷部位への遊走・移行、細胞間接触、免疫調節作用、分泌因子を介したALFへの影響を検討する。

Acute Liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease and is determined by coagulopathy (with INR ≥ 1.5) and hepatic encephalopathy as a result of severe liver injury in patients without preexisting liver disease. Since there are problems with liver transplantation including lack of donors, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and high costs of this process, new therapeutic approaches alongside current treatments are needed. The placenta is a tissue that is normally discarded after childbirth. On the other hand, human placenta is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which is easily available, without moral problems, and its derived cells are less affected by age and environmental factors. Therefore, placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) can be considered as an allogeneic source for liver disease. Considering the studies on MSCs and their effects on various diseases, it can be stated that MSCs are among the most important agents to be used for novel future therapies of liver diseases. In this paper, we will investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells through migration and immigration to the site of injury, cell-to-cell contact, immunomodulatory effects, and secretory factors in ALF.

© The Author(s) 2020.