宿主範囲に基づく日本産種とその種の境界

Japanese species of and their species boundaries based on host range.

• J Nishikawa
• C Nakashima

抄録

我が国における植物寄生虫の多様性を明らかにするために，罹患試料を採取し，培養により分離された真菌を樹立した。その結果，既知の14区に分布する23種85株を，共子膜形態学的およびDNA系統学的に検討した。そのうち3種は新種であることが判明した。さらに，.にはレクトタイプ，., ., .また，表現型の研究と宿主範囲の決定により，分離株の種の境界を明らかにした．感染種の中では，.ex の病原性と新規種である .ex の宿主特異性が確認された。の宿主特異性が確認された別の新種である .ex は大有胞子種として認められた。一方、形態学的にも系統学的にも異なる3種の感染種の実験的宿主範囲は、ほとんど差がなかった。一般に，種の宿主範囲は形態学的，分子系統学的に相関があり，これらのデータを組み合わせることで，より明確な種の境界が得られた。

To clarify the diversity of plant-parasitic species in Japan, diseased samples were collected, and fungal isolates established in culture. We examined 85 isolates representing 23 species distributed in 14 known sections based on conidial morphology and DNA phylogeny. Three species were found to be new, and . Furthermore, a lectotype was designated for . , and epitypes for . , . , . , and . . Species boundaries of isolates were also clarified by studying phenotypes and determining host ranges. and related species in sect. were recognized as distinct species owing to their host specificity. Among the species infecting , the pathogenicity of . and a novel species, . ex , were confirmed as host specific. Another novel species, . proved to be host specific to . was recognized as a large-spored species in sect. , being host specific to spp. On the other hand, the experimental host ranges of three morphologically and phylogenetically distinct species infecting (. , . , and . ) showed almost no differences. and . were even found on non-host plants. In general, host ranges of species correlated with morphology and molecular phylogeny, and combining these datasets resulted in clearer species boundaries.

© 2020 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute.