IMPACT OF THE RIVNE NPP ACTIVITY ON NATURAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CONTROL AREA.

• V A Prylypko
• M M Morozova
• I V Bondarenko
• O O Petrychenko
• O M Romanenko
• K K Tuz
• Yu Yu Ozerova

抄録

OBJECTIVE: To assess an impact of the Rivne Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) activity on the control area (CA) environ- ment according to environmental and radiation monitoring data over time of 2011-2017 as a component of the radiation safety system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of geographical and natural features of the territory of the «Rivne NPP» manufac- turing facility was carried out to assess its CA environment. Assessment of environmental and radiation situation of the CA was carried out according to the data of RNPP monitoring systems and a number of state institutions of Rivne oblast over time of 2011-2017. Opinion of the CA population about the RNPP environmental impact was studied. The sampled population of respondents was calculated based on the total population living in CA. The sampling error no more that 7.0%. Data from sociological survey of population were calculated using the statistical programs.

RESULTS: The radiation impact of RNPP on environment is related to emissions and discharges of radioactive sub- stances generated in the production cycle. Over time the total index of radionuclide discharge to the Styr River since 2011 is of a marked downward trend from 2.11 % to 0.18 %. The maximum concentrations of 60Co and 137Cs radionuclides at the three sampling points along the Styr River over time of 2011-2016 were about one thousandth of a percent, and of 131I - one hundredth of a permissible value according to the Radiation Safety Standards of Ukraine (RSSU). Emissions of inert radioactive gases and long-lived nuclides into the atmosphere were less than 0.2 % and iodine emissions were 0.01 % to the emission limit. Average radionuclide concentrations in the natural air of the RNPP CA settlements did not exceed the admissible concentration limit (ACL). Concentrations of chem- ical pollutants in discharges of the RNPP to the Styr River over time of 2012-2017 did not exceed the ACL. Integral wastewaters of municipal enterprises of the CA and RNPP result in an increased index of biochemical oxygen uti- lization and ammonium salt content in the Styr River, exceeding the ACL in fishery reservoir water. No exceedance of ACL of repugnant substances in the open air of settlements was observed regarding the pollutants under study. According to population survey the radiation contamination of territories as a result of the ChNPP accident and RNPP activities, which cause anxiety, are the key factors determining an environmental situation at the place of residence. The correlation coefficients between anxiety index and public estimates of environmental situation are established.

CONCLUSIONS: Content of radionuclides in emissions and discharges generated in the RNPP production cycle under everyday conditions does not exceed the allowed RSSU-97 values. The combined discharges of collective enterpri- ses and RNPP are the main sources of chemical pollution of surface waters in CA. There is a higher correlation coef- ficient between the anxiety and somatization rates and environmental sphere parameter in rural population com- pared to urban one. The combined effect of environmental, radiation and psychological factors on the RNPP CA population makes the health studies necessary in the latter.

Meta: otsinka vplyvu diial'nosti Rivnens'koï atomnoï elektrostantsiï (RAES) na navkolyshnie seredovyshche zony sposterezhennia (ZS) za pokaznykamy ekologichnogo ta radiatsiy̆nogo monitoryngiv v dynamitsi 2011–2017 rr. iak skladovoï systemy radiatsiy̆noï bezpeky.Materialy i metody. Dlia otsinky navkolyshn'ogo seredovyshcha ZS vyrobnychogo pidpryiemstva «Rivnens'ka AES» bulo provedeno analiz danykh geografichnykh i pryrodnykh osoblyvostey̆ ïï terytoriï. Otsinka ekologichnoï ta radiatsiy̆noï sytuatsiï ZS provedena za danymy system monitoryngiv «RAES» i riadu derzhavnykh ustanov Rivnens'koï oblasti v dynamitsi 2011–2017 rr.. Vyvchena dumka naselennia ZS shchodo vplyvu RAES na navkolyshnie seredovyshche. Vybirkovu sukupnist' opytanykh rozrakhovano, vykhodiachy iz zagal'noï chysel'nosti naselennia, iake meshkaie v ZS, po- khybka vybirky ne perevyshchuvala 7,0 %. Dani sotsiologichnogo opytuvannia naselennia bulo obchysleno za dopomo- goiu statystychnykh program.Rezul'taty. Radiatsiy̆nyy̆ vplyv RAES na dovkillia pov’iazanyy̆ z vykydamy ta skydamy radioaktyvnykh rechovyn, ut- vorenykh u vyrobnychomu tsykli. V dynamitsi sumarnyy̆ indeks skydu radionuklidiv do r. Styr, pochynaiuchy z 2011 roku, maie vyrazhenu tendentsiiu do znyzhennia z 2,11 % do 0,18 %. Maksymal'ni kontsentratsiï radionuklidiv (60Co, 137Cs) v tr'okh tochkakh vidboru prob po techiï richky Styr v dynamitsi 2011–2016 rr. skladaiut' blyz'ko tysiachnykh vidsotka, a 131I – sotykh vidsotka vid dopustymogo znachennia za Normamy radiatsiy̆noï bezpeky Ukraïny. Vykydy inertnykh radioaktyvnykh gaziv, dovgozhyvuchykh nuklidiv v atmosferne povitria do limitu vykydiv skladaiut' menshe 0,2 %, vykydy y̆odu – 0,01 %. Seredni kontsentratsiï radionuklidiv v atmosfernomu povitri naselenykh punktiv ZS RAES ne perevyshchuiut' granychno dopustymykh kontsentratsiy̆ (GDK). Kontsentratsiï khimichnykh zabrudniuiuchykh rechovyn u skydakh RAES do r. Styr v dynamitsi 2012–2017 rr. ne perevyshchuvaly granychno dopustymykh kontsentratsiy̆. Sumisni skydy komunal'nykh pidpryiemstv ZS ta RAES obumovliuiut' v r. Styr pidvyshchenyy̆ vmist pokaznyka biokhimichnogo spozhyvannia kysniu, amoniiu sol'ovogo, znachennia iakykh perevyshchuvaly normatyvy GDK dlia vodoy̆m rybogospo- dars'kogo vykorystannia. Perevyshchennia GDK shkidlyvykh rechovyn v atmosfernomu povitri poselen' za doslidzhu- vanymy zabrudniuiuchymy rechovynamy ne sposterigalos'. Za danymy opytuvannia naselennia golovnymy faktora- my, shcho vyznachaiut' ekologichnu sytuatsiiu za mistsem prozhyvannia, ie radiatsiy̆ne zabrudnennia terytoriy̆ vnaslidok avariï na ChAES ta diial'nist' RAES, shcho obumovliuie vidchuttia tryvozhnosti. Vstanovleni koefitsiienty koreliatsiï mizh pokaznykom tryvozhnosti ta otsinkamy ekologichnoï sytuatsiï naselenniam.Vysnovky. Vmist radionuklidiv u vykydakh i skydakh, utvorenykh u vyrobnychomu tsykli RAES v umovakh povsiakdennia, ne perevyshchuie dopustymykh velychyn NRBU-97. Osnovnymy dzherelamy zabrudnennia khimichnymy rechovynamy pove- rkhnevykh vodoy̆m v ZS ie sumisni skydy kolektyvnykh gospodarstv i RAES. Bil'sh vysokyy̆ koefitsiient koreliatsiï mizh pokaznykamy tryvogy i somatyzatsiï ta pokaznykom sfery dovkillia u sil's'kogo naselennia porivniano z mis'kym. Kombinovana diia ekologichnykh, radiatsiy̆nykh i psykhologichnykh chynnykiv na naselennia ZS RAES obumovliuie ne- obkhidnist' vyvchennia stanu zdorov’ia ostann'ogo.

V. A. Prylypko, M. M. Morozova, I. V. Bondarenko, O. O. Petrychenko, O. M. Romanenko, K. K. Tuz, Yu. Yu. Ozerova.