ソマリランドのハルギサにおける非伝染性疾患の危険因子の有病率：横断的研究

The prevalence of selected risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Hargeisa, Somaliland: a cross-sectional study.

• Soheir H Ahmed
• Haakon E Meyer
• Marte K Kjøllesdal
• Niki Marjerrison
• Ibrahimu Mdala
• Aung Soe Htet
• Espen Bjertness
• Ahmed A Madar

抄録

背景:

BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory conditions and cancers, are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Information on the prevalence estimates of NCD risk factors such as smoking, low fruit & vegetable intake, physical inactivity, raised blood pressure, overweight, obesity and abnormal blood lipid are scarce in Somaliland. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these selected risk factors for NCDs among 20-69 year old women and men in Hargeisa, Somaliland.

方法:

ハルギサ（ソマリランド）の5つの地区で、非伝染性疾患リスク因子サーベイランス（STEPS）のSTEPwiseアプローチを用いて、人口統計学的・行動学的特徴と身体測定に関するデータを収集した横断的研究を実施した（n=1100）。STEPSアプローチは、NCDリスク因子負担に関するデータの収集、分析、普及のための標準化された方法である。参加者の半数で空腹時血糖値、血清脂質（総コレステロール、低密度リポ蛋白（LDL）、高密度リポ蛋白（HDL）、中性脂肪）を収集した。

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five districts of Hargeisa (Somaliland), using the STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) to collect data on demographic and behavioral characteristics and physical measurements (n = 1100). The STEPS approach is a standardized method for collecting, analysing and disseminating data on NCD risk factor burden. Fasting blood sugar, serum lipids (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides) were collected in half of the participants.

結果:

大多数の参加者は、1日に1食以下の果物（97.7％）、1日に1食以下の野菜（98.2％）を摂取していた。身体活動レベルが低い参加者の割合は78.4％でした。塩分摂取量が多い人の有病率は全体で18.5％であった。男性の喫煙とカッと噛むことの有病率はそれぞれ27％と37％であり、女性では無視できる程度であった。女性では、高血圧の有病率が20〜34歳で15％から50〜69歳で67％に、肥満・過体重（BMI≧25kg/m）の有病率が51〜73％に、糖尿病の有病率が3〜22％に上昇した。同様の年齢傾向は男性にも見られました。

RESULTS: The vast majority of participants had ≤1 serving of fruits daily (97.7%) and ≤ 1 serving of vegetables daily (98.2%). The proportion of participants with low physical activity levels was 78.4%. The overall prevalence of high salt intake was 18.5%. The prevalence of smoking and khat chewing among men was 27 and 37% respectively, and negligible among women. In women, the prevalence of hypertension increased from 15% in the age group 20-34 years to 67% in the age group 50-69 years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) from 51 to 73%, and the prevalence of diabetes from 3 to 22%. Similar age-trends were seen in men.

結論:

選択された非伝染性疾患の危険因子のほとんどは、女性・男性ともに高値を示し、年齢別に増加していた。女性では太りすぎや肥満、身体活動の低さが、男女ともに高血圧や果物や野菜の消費量の少なさが、介入を必要としている。ソマリランドの保健当局は、高血圧や高脂血症の治療に役立つ保健サービスを開発・強化し、NCDの危険因子の高い有病率に起因するNCDの将来的な負担を防ぐべきである。

CONCLUSION: Most of the selected risk factors for noncommunicable diseases were high and increased by age in both women and men. Overweight and obesity and low physical activity needs intervention in women, while hypertension and low fruit and vegetable consumption needs intervention in both men and women. Somaliland health authorities should develop and/or strengthen health services that can help in treating persons with hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, and prevent a future burden of NCDs resulting from a high prevalence of NCD risk factors.