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閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸症候群と慢性歯周病との関連性の検討:横断的研究
Determination of the Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Periodontal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.
PMID: 39926721
抄録
背景:
閉塞性睡眠時無呼吸症候群(OSA)と慢性歯周炎は炎症経路を共有しており、OSAの重症度が高くなると歯周病が悪化する可能性がある。
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic periodontitis share inflammatory pathways, potentially exacerbating periodontal disease with increased severity of OSA.
方法:
睡眠障害患者500名を対象とした横断研究を実施した。OSAの有病率と重症度は睡眠ポリグラフ検査と無呼吸低呼吸指数(Apnoea-Hypopnea Index)を用いて測定し、3段階に分類した。歯周状態は、口腔衛生指数、歯肉指数、プロービングポケット深さ、臨床的付着レベル、歯肉退縮などの臨床的パラメータを用いて評価した。
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 500 patients with sleep disorders. The prevalence and severity of OSA were determined using polysomnography and the Apnoea-Hypopnea Index, categorized into three stages, and associated comorbidities were recorded from medical records. The periodontal status was evaluated using clinical parameters such as the Oral Hygiene Index, Gingival Index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession.
結果:
歯周病(OSA)患者の重症度はさまざまであり、重症のOSA(78.4%)は中等症(35.4%)および軽症(20.3%)の患者に比べて重度の歯周病を引き起こした。中等度と重度のOSA患者では、高血圧(100%)、冠動脈性心疾患(90.5%)、糖尿病(71.6%)、肥満(51.4%)などの合併症の有病率が有意に高く、統計学的に有意な関連が認められた(<0.05)。患者はまた、喫煙(43.2%)、口呼吸(60.8%)などの機能低下習慣も示した。
RESULTS: Patients with periodontal disease (OSA) had varying severity levels, with severe OSA (78.4%) causing more severe periodontal disease compared to moderate (35.4%) and mild (20.3%) patients. Patients with moderate and severe OSA stages showed significantly higher prevalence of comorbidities like hypertension (100%), coronary heart disease (90.5%), diabetes mellitus (71.6%), and obesity (51.4%) with statistically significant associations found ( < 0.05). Patients also exhibit parafunctional habits, including smoking (43.2%) and mouth breathing (60.8%).
結論:
軽度OSAと慢性歯周病との間に有意な関連が認められ、男性、年齢とともに増加し、重度OSAではより大きな歯周破壊が認められた。
CONCLUSION: A significant association between mild OSA, increasing with age and males, and chronic periodontal disease, with severe OSA exhibiting greater periodontal destruction was found.