就学前児童における手先の器用さと歯磨き効率の関係．クロスオーバー研究

The Relationship Between Manual Dexterity and Toothbrushing Efficiency in Preschool Children: A Crossover Study.

抄録

目的:

本研究の目的は、スペイン人5歳児の口腔衛生（OH）効率と手先の器用さの関係を、2つの巧緻性テストを用いて評価することである。

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oral hygiene (OH) efficiency and manual dexterity skills in Spanish five-year-old children using two fine motor tests.

方法:

事前事後評価による横断研究を計画した。児童のOHは、Silness and Löe歯垢指数（PI）に従って、登園時の歯磨き前（pre）と指導者による歯磨き後（post）に測定した。運動能力（子どもの手先の器用さ）は、VMSRFテスト（Visual Motor Skills and Resistance to Fatigue test）とBAPSスケール（Behavioural Assessment of Preschool Skills）を用いて測定した。データはSPSS統計ソフトを用い、95％信頼区間および両側有意性で分析した。

METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a pre-post evaluation was designed. The children's OH was measured according to the Silness and Löe plaque index (PI) before toothbrushing upon arrival at school (pre) and after supervised toothbrushing (post). Motor skills (children's dexterity) were determined with the Visual Motor Skills and Resistance to Fatigue test (VMSRF test) and the scale for the Behavioural Assessment of Preschool Skills (BAPS scale). Data were analysed with the SPSS statistics software with a 95% confidence interval and bilateral significance.

結果:

129名の児童が評価された。平均PIは2.5であり、概してOHが不良であった。OHに男女差やブラッシング回数による差は認められなかった。右利きの子供と左利きの子供の間でも、OHやPIに有意差は認められなかった（> 0.05）。全標本および評価したさまざまな六分法と表面において、歯磨き前後のOHカテゴリー間に有意差が認められた。VMSRFおよびBAPSテストの結果から、視運動能力および耐疲労性は中程度であり、平均的な技能レベルは低いことが示された。VMSRFとBAPSテストのスコアが高い子供たちでは、統計的に有意なPIの改善が見られた。

RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-nine children were evaluated. The mean PI was 2.5, indicating generally poor OH in the sample. No difference in OH was observed between genders or in the brushing frequency categories. No significant differences in OH or the PI were found between right- and left-handed children either ( > 0.05). Significant differences were found between the OH category pre and post toothbrushing in the total sample, as well as in the various sextants and surfaces evaluated. The results of the VMSRF and BAPS tests indicate moderate visuomotor skills and fatigue resistance and a poor average skill level. A statistically significant improvement in the PI was found in children with higher scores in the VMSRF and BAPS tests.

結論:

5歳児では、視運動能力や疲労耐性は中程度であり、就学前の平均的な技能レベルは低かったが、運動能力の高い小児で有意に高いOH効果が認められた。

CONCLUSIONS: A significantly higher OH efficacy was found in children with better motor skills, although five-year-old children showed moderate visuomotor skills and fatigue resistance and a poor average preschool skill level.