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う蝕活動性の高い若年成人の食事摂取と食事パターン:横断的研究
Dietary intake and meal patterns among young adults with high caries activity: a cross-sectional study.
PMID: 35590301
抄録
背景:
う蝕は食生活に大きく依存する多因子疾患であり、砂糖の摂取量や摂取頻度が低いほど好ましいと考えられる。その目的は、(i)う蝕活動性の高い若年成人における食事摂取および食事パターン、より具体的には砂糖摂取および砂糖を多く含む食品を調べること、(ii)食事および食事パターンの摂取とう蝕活動性のレベルとの関連を調べることである。
BACKGROUND: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that is highly dependent on diet, where a lower consumption and intake frequency of sugar would be favorable. The aims were (i) to examine dietary intake and meal patterns, more specifically sugar intake and foods high in sugar, among young adults with high caries activity, and (ii) to investigate the association between dietary and meal patterns consumption, and level of caries activity.
方法:
本研究は、現在進行中のランダム化比較試験のベースラインデータを提示する。2面以上のう蝕を有する50名の若年成人(23.0±3.0歳)を対象とした。食事摂取量は、59項目の食物摂取頻度調査票(FFQ)と3日間の食事日記で把握した。食事摂取量を北欧栄養勧告(NNR)2012と比較し、Healthy Dietary Adherence score(HDAS)を用いて食事ガイドラインの遵守度を分析した。参加者は以下の2群に分類された:(i)2~4面齲蝕群、(ii)5面齲蝕以上の高齲蝕群。
METHODS: This study presents baseline data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial. A total of 50 young adults (aged 23.0 ± 3.0 years) with ≥ 2 decayed tooth surfaces were included. Dietary intake was captured with a 59-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a three-day food diary. Adherence to dietary guidelines was analyzed by comparing the dietary intake to the Nordic Nutritional Recommendations (NNR) 2012 and by using the Healthy Dietary Adherence score (HDAS). Participants were categorized into two groups: (i) the Caries group with 2-4 decayed surfaces, and (ii) the High caries group with ≥ 5 decayed surfaces.
結果:
高う蝕群は、う蝕群と比較して統計学的に有意に高い間食および総食摂取量を報告し、北欧の栄養勧告を超える砂糖摂取量も報告した。参加者の大多数は、甘い食べ物や飲み物の摂取頻度が高く(2.5/日以上)、果物や野菜の摂取はそれぞれ1日1回以下であった。HDASを用いてアドヒアランスを分析したところ、砂糖、全食品、果物・野菜の食品群で最も低いアドヒアランスが示された。
RESULTS: The High caries group reported a statistically significantly higher snack and total meal intake compared to the Caries group, as well as a sugar intake exceeding the Nordic nutritional recommendations. The majority of the participants reported a high intake frequency (> 2.5/day) of sweet foods and drinks and less than one intake of fruit and vegetables, respectively, per day. Similar results were found when analyzing adherence by using the HDAS, where the lowest adherence according to dietary guidelines was shown for the food groups of sugar, whole meal products, and fruit and vegetables.
結論:
その結果、う蝕活動性の高い人では砂糖の摂取量が多く、果物、野菜、食物繊維の摂取量が少ないことが示された。
CONCLUSION: The results indicated a high intake of sugar and low intake of fruit, vegetables, and fiber in high caries-active individuals.