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食事中の不適切な座位姿勢は、最大舌圧に悪影響を及ぼす
Improper sitting posture while eating adversely affects maximum tongue pressure.
PMID: 33384836
抄録
背景/目的:
食事中の頸部および体幹のポジショニングの有効性については多くの研究がなされているが、下肢のポジショニングが嚥下機能にどのような影響を及ぼすかについて検討した研究はほとんどない。本研究の目的は、嚥下時に重要な因子である舌圧が、ベッドや車椅子での食事姿勢によってどのような影響を受けるかを検討することである。
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Although many studies have examined the efficacy of neck and trunk positioning during eating, few studies have examined how the positioning of the lower extremities affects swallowing function. The purpose of this study was to examine how tongue pressure, which is an important factor during swallowing, is affected by eating postures in bed and wheelchair.
材料と方法:
健常成人43名(男性13名、女性30名、29.0±5.9歳)、要介護高齢者33名(男性14名、女性19名、83.6±7.8歳)を対象とした。健常者、高齢者ともに、ベッド上での良い姿勢と悪い姿勢(それぞれ姿勢1、2)、リクライニング車椅子での良い姿勢と悪い姿勢(それぞれ姿勢3、4)の4つの異なる姿勢で舌圧を測定した。
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 43 healthy adults (13 men and 30 women; 29.0 ± 5.9 years) and 33 elderly individuals requiring long-term care (14 men and 19 women; 83.6 ± 7.8 years) participated.In both healthy and elderly participants, tongue pressure was measured in four different postures: a good and poor postures in bed (postures 1 and 2, respectively), and a good and poor postures in a reclining wheelchair (posture 3 and 4, respectively).
結果:
健常者の平均舌圧は、姿勢1(40.2±7.24kPa)が姿勢2(37.6±8.68kPa)、姿勢4(38.2±8.14kPa)よりも有意に高かった(P<0.05)。高齢者では、姿勢1の舌圧中央値(16.9kPa、四分位範囲[IQR]9.4-21.6kPa)は姿勢2の舌圧中央値(14.1kPa、IQR9.2-21.6kPa)より有意に高かった。姿勢3の舌圧(18.5kPa;IQR, 14.2-26.0kPa)は、姿勢1または2、および姿勢4の舌圧(15.9kPa;IQR, 10.6-22.9kPa)よりも有意に高かった。
RESULTS: Among the healthy participants, the mean tongue pressure was significantly higher in posture 1 (40.2 ± 7.24 kPa) than in posture 2 (37.6 ± 8.68 kPa) or posture 4 (38.2 ± 8.14 kPa) (P < 0.05). Tongue pressure was also significantly higher in posture 3 (41.3 ± 7.75 kPa) than in either posture 2 or 4 (P < 0.05).Among the elderly participants, the median tongue pressure in posture 1 (16.9 kPa; interquartile range [IQR], 9.4-21.6 kPa) was significantly higher than that in posture 2 (14.1 kPa; IQR, 9.2-21.6 kPa). Tongue pressure in posture 3 (18.5 kPa; IQR, 14.2-26.0 kPa) was significantly higher than that in either posture 1 or 2, and posture 4 (15.9 kPa; IQR, 10.6-22.9 kPa).
結論:
食事中の姿勢は舌圧に影響を与える可能性がある。
CONCLUSION: Posture during eating can potentially affect tongue pressure.